Ray Poynter say:
Thursday, 25 de August de 2011
In the early days of online data collection there were no reliable methods of obtaining respondents for surveys. By comparison with other modalities, researchers were suddenly faced with a medium where there were no directories, no lists, and no RDD (random digit dialling). There were no simple options for identifying the population and no suitable methods for defining a sample.
The most frequent approaches, in those earliest days of online data collection, were to use advertising tools and client databases (for the small number of clients who had usable lists of customers‚ email addresses). The advertising route consisted of using invitations to surveys implemented via advertising mechanisms such as banner ads and pop-ups.
However, online data collection only took off as a major force when online access panels became widely available. Readers should note that as online access panels have become more central to research they are increasingly being referred to as, simply, online panels, or just panels.
Before the mid-1990s, panels had been fairly rare outside the USA, and they were usually reserved for specific purposes, such as retail audits. In the USA there had been a history of mail (postal) panels and this, to an extent, explained the more rapid development of online access panels in the USA. It has also been suggested that the more conservative nature of European research buyers and providers slowed down the development of online research in Europe.
The development of large scale online access panels became the key to unlocking the use of the internet for quantitative research. However, by adopting the widespread use of online access panels, market research has moved away from the ability to claim that it uses random probability sampling and that it can “scientifically” project its findings onto the wider population‚ a fact and consequence that are covered later in this book.
There is a traditional saying in marketing that buyers tend to want things to be better, cheaper, quicker, but organizations can, at best, only offer two of these at any one time. By accepting the methodological limitations of panels, market research was able to make research both quicker and cheaper.

